Which principle allows for the division of governmental powers between national and state levels?

The principle that allows for the division of governmental powers between national and state levels is federalism. This system establishes a framework in which power is shared and divided between different levels of government, primarily the national government and state governments. Federalism is designed to allow both levels of government to operate independently in their respective areas of responsibility while also recognizing their interdependent nature.

In a federal system, the national government typically handles issues of national concern, such as defense and foreign affairs, while state governments manage more localized issues like education and public safety. This division not only ensures that power is not concentrated in a single authority but also allows for a greater diversity of laws and policies that can address the unique needs and preferences of different regions.

Judicial review pertains to the ability of the courts to assess the constitutionality of laws and government actions, and limited government refers to the idea that governmental power should be restricted to prevent tyranny. Separation of powers involves dividing government responsibilities among different branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power. While these concepts are important to understanding the overall structure of government, they do not specifically address the division of powers between national and state levels, which is central to the concept of federalism.