Which element of art refers to perceived lightness or darkness in art?

The element of art that refers to the perceived lightness or darkness in art is value. Value is crucial in visual art because it affects the composition and can convey mood, depth, and volume. Artists often manipulate value to create highlights and shadows, allowing them to suggest three-dimensionality on a two-dimensional surface. Understanding value helps in distinguishing forms and enhancing the overall contrast in a piece, making it a fundamental aspect of art-making.

In contrast, balance pertains to the visual weight of elements in an artwork, ensuring that no single part overwhelms the rest, while color refers to the hues that are used and how they interact. Texture describes the surface quality of an artwork, either visually or physically, but does not directly relate to the lightness or darkness of a piece. These other elements, while significant, serve different purposes in the realm of art.