What period does the Gilded Age refer to?

The Gilded Age is historically defined as a period roughly between 1876 and 1914. This era was marked by significant economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization in the United States, alongside stark social issues and inequalities. During the time, the nation saw the rise of powerful industrialists, significant immigration, and major developments in infrastructure such as railroads and telegraphs.

The phrase "Gilded Age" itself was popularized by Mark Twain, who used it in the title of his book to suggest that while the period appeared prosperous and glittering on the surface, it concealed severe social problems, including poverty and corruption. This context highlights the contrasts and complexities of the era, making the timeframe of c. 1876-1914 the most appropriate choice for representing the Gilded Age effectively.

Other timeframes given do not accurately encompass the key economic and social dynamics associated with the Gilded Age, which is why they do not represent this period correctly.