What is the primary function of Golgi bodies?

The primary function of Golgi bodies, also known as the Golgi apparatus, is to package and transport cellular materials. After proteins and lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, they are sent to the Golgi apparatus. Here, these molecules undergo modification, such as glycosylation, and are sorted and packaged into vesicles. This process is crucial for the delivery of proteins and lipids to their correct destinations, both within the cell and for secretion outside the cell.

In contrast, the synthesis of proteins is primarily the function of ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Energy production occurs in mitochondria, and genetic information is stored in the cell's nucleus in the form of DNA. Hence, the role of the Golgi apparatus is distinct and essential for the proper functioning of the cell as it plays a key role in the processing and distribution of important biological materials.