What does the greenhouse effect refer to?

The greenhouse effect refers to the warming that occurs when the Earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation. This process is essential for maintaining temperatures that support life on our planet. Solar energy that reaches the Earth is absorbed by the surface and then re-radiated as infrared energy. Certain gases in the atmosphere, known as greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, absorb and emit this infrared radiation, which prevents it from escaping back into space.

This trapping of heat effectively acts like a blanket, warming the atmosphere and keeping it at a temperature conducive to life. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be significantly colder, and many forms of life would struggle to survive. Understanding this concept is crucial, especially in discussions about climate change and environmental science, as it emphasizes the balance of natural processes and human impact on the atmosphere.