How must inferior courts interpret the law?

Inferior courts, which include all courts below the Supreme Court, are required to interpret laws in accordance with the interpretations established by the Supreme Court. This establishes a consistent legal framework across the nation, ensuring that inferior courts do not create conflicting interpretations of federal law. The principle of stare decisis, which means "to stand by things decided," underlines this expectation, compelling lower courts to follow precedents set by the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court's interpretations serve as binding authority on lower courts, meaning that when the Supreme Court makes a ruling, inferior courts must apply the same legal principles in similar cases. This system helps to maintain a uniform application of law, promoting fairness and legal predictability within the judicial system.

The other options do not reflect this necessary adherence to Supreme Court rulings. Courts do not have the liberty to interpret laws solely based on personal discretion or popular vote, as these approaches could lead to inconsistency and undermine the rule of law. While state laws do play a role in how cases are decided, inferior courts must still honor the highest court's interpretations of federal law.